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A stroke is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This disruption causes brain cells to begin dying within minutes, leading to potential long-term disability, cognitive impairment, or even death if not treated promptly.
Types of Stroke
Strokes are broadly classified into two main types:
- Ischemic Stroke: This is the most common type, accounting for about 85% of all strokes. It occurs when a blood clot obstructs an artery supplying blood to the brain.
- Hemorrhagic Stroke: This type occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, leading to bleeding within or around the brain.
Warning Signs and Symptoms
Recognizing the symptoms of a stroke is crucial for timely treatment. Common signs include sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg (especially on one side of the body), confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, difficulty walking, dizziness, or loss of balance. The acronym FAST (Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call emergency services) is a quick way to remember the warning signs.
Causes and Risk Factors
Stroke risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Age, family history, and previous strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) also increase the risk.
Prevention and Treatment
Preventing a stroke involves managing risk factors through lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and controlling blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Treatment for stroke varies depending on the type but often includes medication to dissolve clots, surgery, and rehabilitation to help regain lost skills and functions. Early intervention is key to minimizing the impact of a stroke.
